你知道暖通空调系统占建筑能耗的40%吗? 暖通空调是一个空间持续运营的重要投资.
使用高性能材料和节能策略可以使建筑更加舒适. 随着时间的推移，它还可以节省大量的能源成本，提高商业空间的投资回报率. Here are some of the best building materials for HVAC-efficiency.
Polystyrene Insulation
适当的隔热可以创造奇迹，保持室内空气温度一致. 这个屏障将调节好的空气保持在室内，将室外的温度和空气排出. When it comes to insulation, there are a few popular options:
Polystyrene, a plastic polymer, is known for being moisture-resistant. It is used as a base for other basic insulation materials, such as expanded polystyrene (EPS) and extruded polystyrene (XPS).
Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)
Small beads of foam are applied to a mold and then heated up to fuse. Small voids exist within the material due to the manufacturing process. EPS is very moisture resistant. 当与其他防水材料一起安装时，一般不会出现防潮问题.
Extruded Polystyrene (XPS)
树脂和其他材料熔化在一起，在冷却过程中膨胀. This results in fully-closed-cell insulation. 由于XPS比EPS更防潮，因此更适合低档安装.
Now that you understand the difference between these two types of insulation, you can make an informed decision for your building.
Dampers
Take some time to analyze how hair flows through your space. This will be critical to increasing the efficiency of your HVAC system.
A gravity backdraft damper is designed to allow air to flow only one way. This prevents outside air from entering, which helps your space keep its purified or temperature-controlled air. Gravity allows the flaps on the damper to open and close. Motorized versions are available as well.
回风阻尼器也用于通风气味和烟雾的地方没有足够的气流. This reduces occupational hazards in commercial spaces.
Electric Heat
有时你的建筑或空间可能不需要复杂的暖通空调系统. In these cases, an efficient electric heating system will likely meet your needs.
Electric heat is an efficient, low-maintenance way to heat a space. You can heat spaces by room or area, which can save costs on heat.
These systems are generally simple to install. Portable radiators, space heaters, baseboard heaters, 甚至地板辐射供暖也可以让建筑业主更好地控制他们的能源使用，而无需进行重大的结构工作.
Steel Buildings
为您的建筑选择最好的暖通空调设备和功能在很大程度上取决于所使用的建筑材料.
Steel buildings are used across many industries. 农业、航空、制造业，甚至体育和娱乐都是少数. They are more energy efficient in numerous ways. 首先，它们比木结构建筑更容易制造和组装. 其次，它们可以作为可重复使用的资源熔化，并且一旦竖立起来，需要的维护最少. 最后，从长远来看，材料的寿命/耐用性节省了能源成本. 随着木材的老化，木质建筑容易受到通风和空气泄漏的影响.
你的建筑的目的将驱动大部分的室内设计和暖通空调系统. 例如，假设您有一座用于冷藏的建筑物或仓库. 温度控制将是施工过程中最重要的因素，暖通空调系统将需要通过建筑自动化系统进行优化. Other factors include choosing specialized heating/cooling equipment, ductwork, 隔热材料，甚至屋顶颜色都可以通过反射或吸收阳光来帮助保持你想要的温度. 如果你只是把你的钢结构建筑用作气候温和的车间, a simpler HVAC system will suffice.
Ducts
管道的设计、大小和风格对空气在建筑物中的流动有重要的影响. 漏水的管道对暖通空调的作用就像漏水的水龙头对管道的作用一样:漏水的时间越长，情况就越糟. Investing in high-quality, 从项目一开始就采用节能管道将避免昂贵的泄漏或沿途维修.
Window Treatments
Even after the construction phase is over, 你仍然可以采取一些措施使你的建筑更节能. 窗帘和百叶窗等室内设计元素会对空间的冷暖产生重大影响.
你的暖通空调系统应该在一个可控的水平上工作，以加热或冷却空间，而不是努力跟上. 当温度开始上升或下降时，这些系统就会承受更大的压力. This costs you money. 打开或关闭窗帘和百叶窗可以通过充当温度调节器来帮助您的暖通空调系统.
Geothermal Systems
虽然这更像是一种高效的hvac策略，而不是建筑材料, it is noteworthy to mention here. Many building owners adopt geothermal systems for commercial use to save money on HVAC and achieve net-zero status. 地热热泵可以通过埋在地下的管道使水或其他液体循环，从而调节建筑物的温度. This takes advantage of natural ground temperatures. 它通常在5-10年内提供投资回报，节省能源支出. Due to high installation costs, 联邦政府已经实施了一系列的安装项目和税收优惠. As technology and market demand increases, 随着时间的推移，地热供暖和制冷可能会变得更加经济可行.
HVAC Efficient Buildings
By the year 2030, all buildings in New York City larger than 25,000 square feet will require a 20% reduction in their energy use. 提高暖通空调的效率对未来的建筑建设至关重要，因为开发商需要满足这些日益严格的法规. 此外，暖通空调高效系统更具成本效益和生态效益.
There are many considerations to make, from building materials to air systems and even interior design. 经过深思熟虑的规划，你可以设计一个从外到内的暖通空调高效建筑. There is a good solution out there for everyone.
